Genetic Subtypes and Pretreatment Drug Resistance in the Newly Reported Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men Aged≥50 Years Old in Guangxi / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs.1.3%;χ2=3.929,P=0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.

Comparison of Effects of Liuzijue Exercise and Conventional Respiratory Training on Patients after Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the feasibility and safety of Liuzijue exercise (LE) for the clinical effect in patients after cardiac surgery.@*METHODS@#Totally 120 patients who underwent cardiac surgery and were admitted to the Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between July and Oclober, 2022 were allocated to the LE group, the conventional respiratory training (CRT) group, and the control group by a random number table at a ratio of 1:1:1; 40 patients in each group. All patients received routine treatment and cardiac rehabilitation. LE group and CRT group respectively performed LE and CRT once a day for 30 min for 7 days. Control group did not receive specialized respiratory training. The forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, peak inspiratory flow rate, peak expiratory flow rate, maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, modified Barthel index (MBI), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) were evaluated before, after 3 and 7 days of intervention. In addition, the postoperative length of hospital stay (LOS) and the adverse events that occurred during the intervention period were compared.@*RESULTS@#A total of 107 patients completed the study, 120 patients were included in the analysis. After 3 days of intervention, the pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, MBI and HAM-A of all 3 groups improved compared with that before the intervention (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the control group, pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength were significantly improved in the CRT and LE groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). MBI and HAM-A were significantly improved in the LE group compared with the control and CRT groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). On the 7th day after intervention, the difference was still statistically significant (P<0.01), and was significantly different from that on the 3rd day (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, on the 7th day of intervention, the pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in the LE group were significantly improved compared with those in the CRT group (P<0.01). MBI and HAM-A were significantly improved in the CRT group compared with the control group (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in postoperative LOS among the 3 groups (P>0.05). No training-related adverse events occurred during the intervention period.@*CONCLUSIONS@#LE is safe and feasible for improving pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, the ability to complete activities of daily living and for relieving anxiety of patients after cardiac surgery (Registration No. ChiCTR2200062964).

The risk factors for and outcomes of preoperative hepatic dysfunction in patients who received surgical repair for acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To identify the risk factors for and outcomes of preoperative hepatic dysfunction (HD) in patients who underwent surgery for the treatment of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection (ADIAD).Methods:A retrospective study including 810 consecutive patients between January 2014 and December 2019 in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital was performed with emergency surgical repair. All patients were divided into non-HD and HD groups according to the Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score before surgery and their clinical parameters and clinical outcomes were collected and compared. To determine independent predictors of preoperative HD, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using variables with P<0.5 in the univariate analyses. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were conducted to analyze the association between preoperative HD and postoperative long-term survival. Results:The mean age of the patients was (52.4±12.5) years. 215 patients (26.5%) were identified as the preoperative HD group. In univariate analysis, significant difference was found with respect to the postoperative complications (98.6% vs. 94.5%, P=0.011) and 30-day mortality (20.0% vs. 8.4%, P<0.001) between the two groups. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that elevated serum troponin T levels upon admission( OR=1.921, P<0.001) and preoperative cardiac tamponade ( OR=2.158, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for preoperative HD. The long-term mortality rate was not significantly affected by preoperative HD. Conclusion:Early HD before surgery was commonly observed in patients with ADIAD and was associated with increased postoperative complications and 30-Day mortality. Elevated serum troponin T levels upon admission and preoperative cardiac tamponade were identified as risk factors for preoperative HD.

Intensive phototherapy vs. exchange transfusion for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a multicenter retrospective cohort study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Intensive phototherapy (IPT) and exchange transfusion (ET) are the main treatments for extreme hyperbilirubinemia. However, there is no reliable evidence on determining the thresholds for these treatments. This multicenter study compared the effectiveness and complications of IPT and ET in the treatment of extreme hyperbilirubinemia.@*METHODS@#This retrospective cohort study was conducted in seven centers from January 2015 to January 2018. Patients with extreme hyperbilirubinemia that met the criteria of ET were included. Patients were divided into three subgroups (low-, medium-, and high- risk) according to gestational week and risk factors. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the data before treatment. Study outcomes included the development of bilirubin encephalopathy, duration of hospitalization, expenses, and complications. Mortality, auditory complications, seizures, enamel dysplasia, ocular motility disorders, athetosis, motor, and language development were evaluated during follow-up at age of 3 years.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1164 patients were included in this study. After PSM, 296 patients in the IPT only group and 296 patients in the IPT plus ET group were further divided into the low-, medium-, and high-risk subgroups with 188, 364, and 40 matched patients, respectively. No significant differences were found between the IPT only and IPT plus ET groups in terms of morbidity, complications, and sequelae. Hospitalization duration and expenses were lower in the low- and medium-risk subgroups in the IPT only group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In this study, our results suggest that IPT is a safe and effective treatment for extreme hyperbilirubinemia. The indication of ET for patients with hyperbilirubinemia could be stricter. However, it is necessary to have a contingency plan for emergency ET as soon as IPT is commenced especially for infants with risk factors. If IPT can be guaranteed and proved to be therapeutic, ET should be avoided as much as possible.

Efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy for esophageal diverticulum / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To investigate the medium- and long-term efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for esophageal diverticulum and the risk factors for postoperative recurrence.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 31 cases of esophageal diverticulum who were treated by POEM in Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University from May 1st 2016 to August 1st 2019. The Eckardt score, the operative success rate, and the recurrence rate after the operation were observed and recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors for postoperative recurrence.Results:POEM was successfully completed in all 31 patients, who were followed up for 30.6±11.1 months (20-63 months). The Eckardt score before the operation was 8.2±2.4, and was 1.4±0.7, 1.4±1.1, 1.3±1.1, and 1.3±0.9 at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively after the operation, which significantly decreased at all follow-up time points ( P<0.001). The success rates at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after the operation were 96.8% (30/31), 90.3% (28/31), 90.3% (28/31) and 90.3% (28/31), respectively. Three patients suffered symptom relapse, with an overall recurrence rate of 9.7% (3/31). Logistic regression analysis showed that the disease duration ( P=0.038, OR=1.041, 95% CI: 1.002-1.080) and preoperative Eckardt score ( P=0.024, OR=2.299, 95% CI: 1.117-4.728) were risk factors for postoperative recurrence of POEM. Conclusion:POEM is safe and effective for esophageal diverticulum. Patients with long disease duration and high preoperative Eckardt score are associated with recurrence.

Evaluation on the feasibility of total-body PET/CT imaging with short acquisition time in lungs and parenchymal organs / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of total-body PET/CT imaging with short acquisition time on image quality and lesion detectability in lungs and parenchymal organs.Methods:Sixty patients (31 males, 29 females, age (61.1±11.8) years) with pulmonary nodules (PN) and 53 patients (29 males, 24 females, age (56.7±17.2) years) with parenchymal organ lesions (POL) who underwent total-body PET/CT imaging in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University between October 2021 and April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The acquisition time with PET was 600 s, and the reconstructed images were divided into 6 groups based on different duration (30, 60, 120, 180, 300 and 600 s), namely G30, G60, G120, G180, G300 and G600 groups. The subjective analysis was carried out with the 5-point Likert scale in 3 aspects: the overall impression of image quality, noise, and lesion conspicuity. The objective analysis indicators included the SUV mean of the mediastinal blood pool (MBP); the SUV mean, standard deviation (SD) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the liver; SUV max and target-to-background ratio (TBR) of the lesions. Differences of the indicators among 6 groups were analyzed by Friedman test with Bonferroni correction. G600 served as the reference for the other 5 groups to test their lesion detectability. Results:The subjective image quality of different groups for PN and that of G120, G180, G300 groups for POL could meet the needs of clinical diagnosis in terms of the overall image quality, noise, and lesion conspicuity (all scores>3). There was no significant difference in the SUV mean of MBP among different time groups (median for PN: 1.52-1.56, median for POL: 1.35-1.47; χ2 values: 10.23, 11.02, both P>0.05). Difference was not found in SUV mean of the liver either (median for PN: 2.51-2.56, median for POL: 2.33-2.40; χ2 values: 8.35, 8.93, both P>0.05). The liver SD significantly increased along with the shortened acquisition time ( χ2 values: 400.99, 400.00, both P<0.001; z values: from -16.90 to -3.15, all P<0.003). The SNR significantly decreased along with the shortened acquisition time ( χ2 values: 397.32, 400.00, both P<0.001; z values: 2.98-16.90, all P<0.003). The SUV max (median for PN: 3.55-4.01, median for POL: 5.77-6.08; χ2 values: 8.58, 3.02, both P>0.05) and TBR (median for PN: 2.42-2.81, median for POL: 2.36-2.45; χ2 values: 9.83, 3.69, both P>0.05) of lesion were not significantly different among 6 groups. Taking G600 group as a reference, the lesion detection rates were 100% in G30 group and other 4 groups for PN (81/81) and in G120, G180, G300 groups for POL (80/80). Conclusion:Total-body PET/CT imaging with acquisition time of 30 s for lungs and that with acquisition time of 120 s for parenchymal organs are feasible for clinical use, with the PET image quality and lesion detectability maintained.

Influence of perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation system based on prehabilitation on early weaning during cardiac perioperative period / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of the pulmonary rehabilitation system based on the concept of prehabilitation for patients after cardiac surgery to wean tube and avoid related complications.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2019 in a single-center(third-class hospital in cardiac surgery intensive care unit), all adult patients hospitalized for 7 days before open-heart surgery were included. They were randomly divided into pulmonary rehabilitation group(198 cases) and control group(234 cases). To compare and analyze the clinical effects, the main observations were observed including overall outcome indicators(such as early extubation rate, ICU stay, hospitalization costs, advanced oxygen therapy support after extubation) and lung outcome related indicators(such as the occurrence of pulmonary complications, chest drainage, secondary intubation, tracheotomy, lung infection and chest tube drainage).Results:There was no statistical difference between groups in basic conditions and surgical conditions. The lung rehabilitation group significantly increased the rate of early extubation, reduced the number of advanced oxygen therapy after weaning, shortened the length of ICU stay, saved hospitalization cost, significantly reduced the occurrence of postoperative respiratory complications and improved postoperative respiratory function( P<0.05). Conclusion:During cardiac perioperation, pulmonary rehabilitation significantly can increase the rate of early extubation , shorten the length of mechanical ventilation, reduce the occurrence of secondary tracheal intubation and pulmonary complications. And it can also effectively promote the recovery of lung function and the overall recovery.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification combined with MFIOL implantation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To systematically assess the efficacy and safety of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)implanted with multifocal intraocular lens(MFIOL)with conventional cataract surgery. <p>METHODS: Electronic databases of PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane and OVID were searched for studies comparing FLACS-MFIOL and CP-MFIOL. Two independent reviewers performed the data extraction and analyzed. Visual acuity, spherical equivalent(SE), pseudophakic accommodation, cumulative dissipated energy(CDE)and endothelial cell density(ECD)were measured by Review Manager 5.4. Sensitivity and reporting bias were determined through the STATA 14 software. <p>RESULTS: From 106 screened articles, 1 045 eyes from 6 randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and 5 retrospective cohort studies were included(one of which contained two groups of comparative data). There was no evidence for any important differences in uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)between FLACS-MFIOL and CP-MFIOL group after 1d, 1wk, 1, 3mo and 1a \〖<i>s</i>: -0.02, 95% Confidence Interval(<i>CI</i>)(-0.05, 0.01), <i>P</i>=0.13; <i>s</i>: -0.01, 95% <i>CI</i>(-0.03, 0.01), <i>P</i>=0.24; <i>s</i>: -0.03, 95% <i>CI</i>(-0.06, 0.00), <i>P</i>=0.05; <i>s</i>: -0.03, 95% <i>CI</i>(-0.14, 0.08), <i>P</i>=0.59; <i> s</i>: -0.03, 95% <i>CI</i>(-0.06, 0.00), <i>P</i>=0.10\〗. We found little evidence of any important difference in uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA)between the two groups after 1d, 1wk, 3mo and 1a \〖<i>s</i>: 0.04, 95% <i>CI</i>(-0.04, 0.12), <i>P</i>=0.30; <i>s</i>: 0.04, 95% <i>CI</i>(-0.06, 0.13), <i>P</i>=0.47; <i> s</i>: 0.00, 95% <i>CI</i>(-0.04, 0.04), <i>P</i>=0.97; <i>s</i>: 0.03, 95% <i>CI</i>(-0.06, 0.12), <i>P</i>=0.54\〗. There was a small advantage in favor of FLACS-MFIOL over CP-MFIOL for UNVA after 1mo \〖<i>s</i>: 0.03, 95% <i>CI</i>(0.00, 0.06), <i>P</i>=0.04; <i>s</i>: 0.06, 95% <i>CI</i>(-0.02, 0.15), <i>P</i>=0.14\〗. In eyes treated with FLACS-MFIOL, SE showed no difference compared to CP-MFIOL \〖<i>s</i>: 0.06, 95%<i> CI</i>(-0.02, 0.15), <i>P</i>=0.14\〗, however, better than CP-MFIOL in distance and near pseudophakic accommodation \〖<i>s</i>: 0.57, 95% <i>CI</i>(0.42, 0.72), <i>P</i><0.001; <i>s</i>: 1.32, 95% <i>CI</i>(0.99, 1.64), <i>P</i><0.001\〗. Smaller CDE \〖<i>s</i>: -1.94, 95% <i>CI</i>(-2.59, -1.30), <i>P</i><0.01; <i>s</i>: -3.81, 95% <i>CI</i>(-5.66, -1.96), <i>P</i><0.01\〗 of Ⅱ and Ⅲ nucleus patients and increased ECD \〖<i>s</i>: 111.75, 95% <i>CI</i>(86.27, 137.23), <i>P</i><0.01\〗 in FLACS-MFIOL group were analyzed. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were robust and no obvious reporting bias. <p>CONCLUSION: Compared to CP-MFIOL, FLACS-MFIOL makes a better visual quality and pseudophakic accommodation, as well as reducing endothelial cell loss and phacoemulsification energy.

Early and late outcome of acute type A aortic dissection in dialysis dependent patients / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To summarize acute type A aortic dissection(ATAAD) is relatively uncommon in dialysis patients, and repair outcomes are not fully understood.Methods:Between January 2014 and March 2020, 20 patients with ATAAD required dialysis for preoperative end-stage renal disease(ESRD) were treated by our group. There were 11 male and 9 female patients at mean age of(47.8±11.3) years. The mean duration of dialysis therapy in the total 20 patients before the onset of ATAAD was(4.5±3.9 )years, with 90%(18 cases) of these patients undergoing hemodialysis(rather than peritoneal dialysis). 17 patients were treated emergency surgically, surgical operation were performed under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and perfused the cerebral selective cerebral perfusion, 5 cases with ascending aorta + arch fenestrated stent, 5 cases with ascending aorta+ hemi-arch replacement(2 cases with stent elephant trunk), 4 cases with ascending aorta+ arch replacement+ stent elephant trunk(1 case with coronary artery bypass grafting for left anterior descending coronary artery), 2 cases with aortic valvuloplasty + ascending aorta+ hemi-arch replacement, 1 case with Bentall+ arch fenestrated stent.Results:2 patients were died from aortic ruptured before operation, 1 patient treated medically was alive three months after admission. Cross-clamp, cardiopulmonary bypass, and circulatory arrest times of all the surgical patients were(233.8±84.4) min, (155.5±63.6)min and(28.2±10.8)min, respectively. The following complications occurred postoperative: 3 cases died in the hospital, 1 case of tracheotomy, 2 cases of cerebral infarction, 1 case of cerebral hemorrhage, 1 case of transient paraplegia, and 1 case of surgical site infection. After a mean follow-up of(11.6±14.5) months(rang, 3-61 months). the overall survival rate at 1 year and 5 years was 53% and 27% respectively.Conclusion:Dialysis patients with ATAAD should be operated on urgently and medical treatment carries high risks of aortic rupture, although in-hospital mortality is acceptable, long-term mortality is poor.

Effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive Mothers Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy to Prevent Mother-to-child Transmission on the Growth and Development of 18-month-old Children in Lingshan County of Guangxi / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the effects of antiretroviral therapy(ART)for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT)of acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)on the growth and development of 18-month-old children born by human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive pregnant women in Lingshan County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and provide scientific evidence for improving the ART medication plan for PMTCT.Methods Lingshan County,ranking the first in the HIV-epidemic counties of Guangxi,was selected as the research site.According to the design of retrospective case-control study,we assigned all the subjects into the case group and the control group:(1)The case group included the HIV-positive pregnant women who had received ART for PMTCT and their HIV-negative infants in Lingshan County from 2010 to 2017.The historical cards and PMTCT data of them were collected from the national PMTCT database.(2)The control group included the healthy pregnant women and their healthy babies born in the Lingshan Maternity and Infant Hospital in 2017,and the children's growth and development data were collected.The stunted growth in children was defined as at least one of the three main indicators of body height,body weight,and head circumference below the normal range.Results The number of HIV-positive mothers and their infants in the case group was 391 and 368,respectively,and 87.21%(341/391)and 95.38%(351/368)of mothers and infants respectively received ART medication.The HIV positive rate,mortality rate,and mother-to-child transmission rate of 18-month-old children were 1.36%(5/368),4.35%(16/368),and 2.01%(5/249),respectively.The incidence of stunted growth of 18-month-old children in the case group and the control group was 42.12%(155/368)and 23.06%(101/438),respectively,with significant difference(

Pathway of establishing continuing education mechanism for community general practitioner in regional medical centers / 中华全科医师杂志

Comprehensively and continuously improving the ability is the goal of continuing medical education for practicing general practitioners (GPs). It is urgent to carry out systematic planning for improvement of the training content, training methods and evaluation methods in current continuing education system. Therefore, based on the survey of the training requirements of the community GPs in Shanghai Changning District, this study proposed a pathway of establishing continuing education mechanism for community GPs in regional medical centers. This continuing education mechanism planned to build a talent evaluation system reflecting the competency of the community GPs, to develop training contents based on the community situation and the needs of the GPs, to establish the practice support and the collaboration platform of science, education and research, to promote the sustaining improvement of GPs.

Recombinant human calcineurin B inhibits orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma xenograt growth in mice by promoting apoptosis

Objective: To explore the effects of recombinant human calcineurin B (rhCNB) on hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Methods: An in vivo mouse model with hepatocellular carcinoma was established, and the mice were randomized into the rhCNB, positive control and vehicle treatments groups. Tumor growth was assessed via bioluminescence using a small animal imaging system. Relative tumor proliferation rate and tumor growth inhibition were calculated. The expression of p53 and caspase-9 proteins in tumors were detected by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, flow cytometry was used to quantify the cell-cycle stages and rate of apoptosis. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR assays were used to evaluate the effects of rhCNB on protein and gene expression of CDK1, cyclin B1, p53 and caspase-9. Results: rhCNB at the higher dose significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo and caused tumor cell apoptosis in vitro. The rhCNB at the higher dose was as effective as cisplatin, and was safer. Conclusions: rhCNB has potent pro-apoptotic effects on tumor cells in vivo and in vitro and is well tolerated in vivo.

Neuroprotective Effect of Modified Yuejuwan and Ganmai Dazao Tang on Glutamate-induced HT22 Cell Injury Model / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of modified Yuejuwan and Ganmai Dazao Tang (YJGZ) on glutamate-induced cell injury of mouse hippocampal neuron cell line (HT22). Method: The HT22 cell was cultured aseptically, and the cell injury model was established with high concentration of glutamate acid, YJGZ aqueous extract and drug-containing serum were prepared. Then experiment was divided into normal group, model group, YJGZ drug-containing serum groups (1%, 5%, 10%), YJGZ aqueous extract group (166 mg·L-1), and nimodipine group (100 μmol·L-1). Methye thiazolye telrazlium (MTT) was used to detect the cell survival rate of each group, the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B protein (NR2B), cyclic adenosine response element binding protein (CREB), phosphorylated cyclic adenosine response element binding protein (p-CREB), extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK),and phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase (p-ERK). Result: As compared with normal group, the cell survival rate was significantly decreased in model group (PPPPPPPPPPConclusion: YJGZ aqueous extract has a significant protective effect on glutamate-induced HT22 cell injury.

Cardiac surgery ERAS system and practical effects / 医学研究生学报

Objective Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) refers to a series of evidence-based medical evidence that has been used to confirm the effective treatment measures in perioperative period, which contributes to speed up the recovery of patients. We aimed to explore the effect of preoperative ERAS for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods Patients with cardiac surgery of a single-center (third-class hospital in cardiac surgery intensive care unit) were compared 6 months before the implementation of ERAS (n =704) and 6 months after implementation (n = 685), and followed up for 1 month. The primary outcomes were acute renal failure, re-intubation, stroke and 30-day mortality. The secondary outcomes included re-operation rates, bloating, wound infections and lung infections. Results After the implementation of ERAS, the mechanical ventilation time decreased significantly from the median of 6 hours to 4.5 hours (P<0.001). The ICU stay time and hospitalization time after ICU transfer were significantly shorter (P<0.001), and the incidence of adverse events, postoperative abdominal distension and lung infection was significantly lower (P<0.05). Addictionally, the hospitalization cost decreased (P<0.05), and the satisfaction increased (P<0.05). Conclusion ERAS for patients undergoing heart surgery can effectively promote their postoperative recovery, decrease postoperative complications, shorten the length of hospitalization, reduce the cost of hospitalization, then improve patients’ satisfaction. The transformation and application of ERAS in cardiac surgery has important clinical value.

A clinical study on the effects of exchange transfusion and intensive phototherapy on neurodevelopment in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To study the effects of exchange transfusion(ET) and intensive phototherapy (IPT) on neurodevelopment in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia reaching ET criteria.Method From January 2015 to March 2016,neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia reaching ET criteria with gestational age ≥35 weeks,and hospitalized in the Department of Neonatology of our hospital were enrolled in the study.The parents were informed of the risks of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) and both the advantages and disadvantages of IPT and ET.Based on the different choices of their parents,the neonates were assigned into the ET group and the IPT group.General conditions,treatment effects,the incidences of ABE and the prognosis were recorded and analyzed.Result A total of 335 patients were included in this study,147 in the ET group and 188 in the IPT group.Before intervention,the peak of total serum bilirubin (TSB) in ET group (475.8± 100.6 μmol/L) was higher than IPT group (398.3±39.8 μmol/L) (the difference of TSB between two groups was 77.4 μmol/L,P＜0.001),and the incidences of high risk factors such as blood incompatibilities,sepsis,cranial hematoma and intracranial hemorrhage in ET group were higher than IPT group (P＜0.05).Compared with at admission,the incidence of ABE in the ET group increased from 32.0％ to 34.0％ at discharge,mainly due to moderate and severe ABE (the ratio of moderate ABE increased from 2.7％ to 10.2％,and severe ABE increase from 2.7％ to 4.8％).Statistically significant differences existed in the proportion of ABE with different severity at admission and discharge in ET group (P＜0.05),while that in IPT group wasn't statistically significant.241 patients were followed up (follow-up rate 71.9％),with the age ranging from 20 to 36 months.6 cases (5.7％,6/106) in the ET group showed hearing disorder while none (0％,0/135) in the IPT group (P＜0.05).The incidences of neuromotor dyskinesia,language development disorder and spasm in ET group were higher than IPT group(7.5％ vs.3.7％,3.8％ vs.1.5％,4.7％ vs.4.4％,respectively),but the differences weren't statistically significant(P＞ 0.05).No deaths were observed in both groups.Conclusion In neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia whose TSB exceeding the upper limit of current ET criteria (and within upper limit+5 mg/dl),if the neonates have no risk factors nor clinical symptoms of moderate or severe ABE,only IPT and without ET does not increase the incidence of unfavourable prognosis of central nervous system.

Treatment experience of cardiac rupture in patients with acute myocardial infarction / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective@#To analyze the treatment results of cardiac rupture in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) .@*Method@#Clinical data of 6 with cardiac rupture after AMI, who were hospitalized in our hospital from June 2015 to June 2017, were retrospectively analyzed,and the clinical manifestations, methods of treatment and outcomes were investigated.@*Results@#Cardiac function classification was Killip class Ⅱin all patients. There were 3 massive anterior wall myocardial infarction, 2 anterior wall myocardial infarction,and 1 inferior myocardial infarction. There were 4 patients with ventricular septal defect, 1 patient with rupture of papillary muscle,and 1 patient with left ventricular free wall rupture.All patients received continuous infusion of vasoactive medicines and treated with intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP), 2 patients (1 patient accepted operative treatment,and 1 patient received conservative treatment) were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), mechanical ventilation,and continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT).Three patients received surgical repair,1 case was supported by IABP, 1 case supported by ECMO,CRRT,and IABP,and 1 case did not use IABP or ECMO post operation. All 3 surgically treated patients recovered successfully and were discharged from hospital.Meanwhile, in the other 3 patients treated conservatively, 2 patients died in the hospital and 1 patient was discharged according to own will.@*Conclusion@#On the basis of vasoactive medicines and IABP, surgery repair is a feasible option for cardiac rupture patients secondary to AMI,and ECMO may improve the perioperative state in these patients.

Proteomic analysis of serum exosomes derived from Crouzon syndrome patients carrying a mutant FGFR2C342Y / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#Reveal the global expression profile of serum exosomal proteins of Crouzon syndrome patients.@*Methods@#We isolated microvesicles from serum of Crouzon children with a C342Y mutation in FGFR2 by ultracentrifugation, which were further characterized by electron microscopy and immunoblotting. The protein profiling in normal subjects and Crouzon patients was systematically compared by iTRAQ proteomic analysis.@*Results@#The result demonstrated that microvesicles were between 30—100 nm in diameter, round shape with cup-like concavity and expressed exosomal marker tumor susceptibility gene (TSG) 101 and flotillin (Flot) 1. We identified a total number of 62 proteins, among which 22 proteins overlap with ExoCarta database and were different between the Crouzon patient and the normal subject. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that the functions of these proteins are mostly involved in Developmental Disorder, Hereditary Disorder, Skeletal and Muscular Disorders, which are all related to the clinical manifestations of Crouzon syndrome. In addition, the proteins were focused on the network of "Organismal Injury and Abnormalities, Hematological System Development and Function, Cell-To-Cell Signaling and Interaction" . The central protein FN1 was presented as the key protein in the network.@*Conclusions@#Our data demonstrated that serum exosomes harbor informative proteins and FN1 was selected as a potential candidate for its role in promoting osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and mineralization.

Intravoxel incoherent motion DWI in differential diagnosis of high-grade gliomas and metastasis / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To investigate the value of intravoxel incoherent motion DWI (IVIM-DWI) in differential diagnosis of high-grade gliomas and brain metastases.Methods Conventional MRI,contrast-enhanced MRI and IVIM-DWI were performed before surgery or chemoradiotherapy in 24 patients with high-grade gliomas and 28 patients with brain metastases.The diffusion constant (D),pseudodiffusion coefficient of perfusion (D*) and the perfusion fraction (f) in the parenchyma and peritumoral edema region within 1 cm and the normal centrum semiovale in the opposite side were measured,then the relative values of all parameters in each region (rD*,rD,rf) were calculated.Independent sample t test was used to analyze the parameters.ROC curve analysis of the parameters statistically different between high grade gliomas and brain metastases were performed,and the diagnostic efficacies were evaluated.Results The D* and rD* values of tumor parenchyma and in peritumoral edema within 1 cm of high-grade gliomas were higher than those of brain metastases (all P＜0.05).The f and rf values of tumor parenchyma and in peritumoral edema within 1 cm of highgrade gliomas were lower than those of brain metastases (all P＜0.01).The AUC of D* value in peritumoral edema within 1 cm was the highest,but there was no statistically different between any two AUC except the rD* value of peritumoral edema within 1 cm (P =0.033).Conclusion IVIM-DWI can distinguish the differences of diffusion and perfusion information in parenchyma and edema area between high-grade gliomas and brain metastases,therefore providing the basis for differential diagnosis of them.

Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with susceptibility to psoriasis vulgaris and clinical response to calcipotriol in patients with psoriasis vulgaris / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms with susceptibility to psoriasis vulgaris and clinical response to calcipotriol in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.Methods A total of 110 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 183 healthy controls were enrolled into this study,and they were all of Han nationality from Hainan province.Ligase detection reaction (LDR) was conducted to determine the genotypes of VDR gene polymorphisms rs2228570,rs731236,rs1544410 and rs7975232.Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based association analysis in genotypic and allelic models,and haplotype-based association analysis were then performed.Then,75 patients with psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores less than 10 were topically treated with calcipotriol ointment alone.After 6-week treatment,the efficacy of calcipotriol ointment was evaluated,and the correlation between the efficacy and individual genotypes was analyzed.Results The frequency of A allele of rs7975232 in the psoriasis group and control group was 39.09％ and 27.05％ respectively,and the risk of developing psoriasis in rs7975232 A allele carriers was significantly higher than that in non-carriers (OR =1.731,95％ CI:1.213-2.471,P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,the risk of developing psoriasis in individuals with AA genotype (OR =2.404,95％ CI:1.085-5.328,P ＜ 0.05),as well as in individuals with AC genotype (OR =2.143,95％ CI:1.283-3.579,P ＜ 0.05),was significantly higher than that in patients with CC genotype.CTGA haplotype carriers (rs2228570,rs731236,rs1544410,rs7975232,respectively) had significantly higher risk of developing psoriasis compared with non-carriers (OR =1.907,95％ CI:1.132-3.214,P ＜ 0.05).Among 72 patients with mild-to-moderate psoriasis whose PASI scores were less than 10,patients with CC genotype of rs7975232 showed better response to calcipotriol ointment compared with those with AC genotype (OR =3.798,95％ CI:1.061-13.590,P ＜ 0.05) and those with AA genotype (OR =9.667,95％CI:1.556-60.040,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion VDR polymorphisms are associated with psoriasis susceptibility and clinical response to calcipotriol in patients with psoriasis individuals.